# Estimating the Epidemiologic Impact of TB Vaccines using Mathematical Models

> **NIH NIH K01** · EMORY UNIVERSITY · 2023 · $131,081

## Abstract

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of ill health and was the leading infectious cause of death in 2019, a burden
felt disproportionately in low- and middle-income countries. To accelerate progress towards the World Health
Organization’s ambitious goal to cut TB deaths by 95% and cases by 90% by 2035, new tools to prevent TB
are essential. New and repurposed vaccines against TB hold promise to fill this gap: after decades of research,
two TB vaccines have emerged from Phase II clinical trials with positive efficacy results. The existing BCG
vaccine, currently given at birth, is being reconsidered for use (‘revaccination’) in adults after a Phase IIb trial
showed 50% efficacy in preventing TB infection in adolescents. In a separate Phase IIb trial, subunit vaccine
M72-AS01e was shown to be 50% efficacious in preventing TB disease in adults. The overarching objectives of
this K01 are to (1) estimate the potential epidemiologic impact of new and repurposed TB vaccines; and (2)
identify and assess potential vaccination strategies targeting high-risk groups. We will do this using data from
the GlobalMix study, which will provide detailed country-specific social contact and mobility data from four
countries – Mozambique, Guatemala, India, and Pakistan – with diverse TB epidemic profiles. Understanding
potential differences in vaccine impact across countries can guide the design of further vaccine trials and
inform strategies for introducing new and repurposed TB vaccines into immunization programs. This K01
project will provide Dr. Nelson with skills in conducting international field work as well as building, fitting, and
analyzing TB transmission models to address questions with practical implications for TB vaccine policy and
implementation. The mentoring team, Drs. Ben Lopman (Primary Mentor), Neel Gandhi (co-Mentor), Ted
Cohen (co-Mentor), and Rob Breiman (co-Mentor), will provide Dr. Nelson with training in how to build and
analyze models of TB transmission to estimate vaccine impact, the design and conduct of vaccine trials, and
the role of modeling in development of evidence-based national and global vaccine policy. Home to the Emory
Vaccine Center and the Center for TB Research, Emory University offers abundant resources for young
investigators engaged in TB vaccine research, providing an ideal setting to carry out the proposed work. The
TB vaccine modeling framework developed in this K01 will form the basis of a future NIH R01 proposal aiming
to quantify country-level vaccine impact and develop country-specific recommendations for TB vaccine
implementation in conjunction with TB vaccine experts and policymakers. The skills Dr. Nelson will develop
have broad applicability to other infectious diseases, building a foundation for a career in infectious disease
dynamics which will address vaccine implementation challenges for emerging and endemic infections.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10686111
- **Project number:** 5K01AI166093-02
- **Recipient organization:** EMORY UNIVERSITY
- **Principal Investigator:** Kristin Nicole Bratton Nelson
- **Activity code:** K01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2023
- **Award amount:** $131,081
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2022-08-18 → 2027-07-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10686111

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10686111, Estimating the Epidemiologic Impact of TB Vaccines using Mathematical Models (5K01AI166093-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-23 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10686111. Licensed CC0.

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