# Development and evaluation of novel high-density intracortical microelectrode arrays for clinical applications

> **NIH NIH R44** · PARADROMICS, INC. · 2023 · $234,718

## Abstract

PROJECT SUMMARY
Paradromics is developing high data rate brain computer interface technologies as a platform for medical
device applications. In our Phase I SBIR, we designed, built, and tested a neural recording system based on
massively parallel microwire electrode arrays bonded to CMOS readout electronics. That system supports up
to 65,536 active electrode channels sampled simultaneously at over 32,000 Hz. We used this system to record
action potentials from arrays of up to 1200 microelectrodes in rats (penetrating, 1mm depth) and local field
potentials from >30,000 microelectrodes in sheep (surface). This serves as a demonstration of the microwire-
to-CMOS bonding architecture that will form the core of our next device, a medical implant.
For this new implantable medical device, we have developed a new and substantially improved method of
electrode array fabrication. This method produces more ordered, regular arrays through Electrical Discharge
Machining (EDM), thus improving on the stochastic connections of the bundle architecture from Phase I with
the ability to be produced under GMP. A new, custom CMOS sensor, also developed following the NIH SBIR
Phase I effort, performs compressive sensing of neural data to reduce power and data requirements in the
future device.
As we prepare to build this implantable medical device and take it to market, it is critical to extensively test the
insertion reliability of different arrays designs in order to produce a device best optimized for insertion and
recording. Here we propose to use passive arrays of 400-1600 electrodes, smaller than our Phase I approach,
to find the optimal electrode array design for clinical translation. We will test array designs that can reliably
insert into the sheep cortex, validate the insertion of that array in human tissue intraoperatively (under IRB),
and evaluate the tissue response to the array over a period of up to 6 months, implanted chronically in sheep.
The overall goal for the future array is to ensure that we can reliably insert the array with the smallest shank
width to mitigate the chronic foreign body response at an appropriate pitch (100 - 400 μm) and length (i.e. 1
mm) suitable for the human cortex.
Moreover, this data will also be critical for designing certified GLP studies, and for planning conversations with
the FDA for pre-IDE meetings, where we will need a finalized array design and testing plan in place.
The aims of this Direct to Phase II study are as follows:
Specific Aim (SA) 1: Determine optimal microelectrode array design and validate implantation in sheep
and human cortical tissue intraoperatively with passive arrays of 400-1600 electrodes. We aim to better
understand how the geometric parameters of high density microwire electrode arrays impact insertion reliability
into cortical tissue in vivo in an ovine (sheep) model (SA 1.1), with refined geometries implanted intraoperatively
into human cortex (SA 1.2).
Specific Aim 2: Determine long-term vi...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10698164
- **Project number:** 5R44MH125700-03
- **Recipient organization:** PARADROMICS, INC.
- **Principal Investigator:** Matthew R Angle
- **Activity code:** R44 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2023
- **Award amount:** $234,718
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2021-09-10 → 2024-08-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10698164

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10698164, Development and evaluation of novel high-density intracortical microelectrode arrays for clinical applications (5R44MH125700-03). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-24 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10698164. Licensed CC0.

---

*[NIH grants dataset](/datasets/nih-grants) · CC0 1.0*