The Division of Population Health Research (DiPHR) conducts research on a variety of topics pertaining to human reproduction and development, child and adolescent health and behavior, and care of pregnant women, among other topics. Both observational and interventional research studies are designed and are implemented by DiPHR scientists, and most research includes collection of a diverse array of data and biospecimens. All biospecimens are collected using approved protocols and are de-identified prior to banking in NICHD-supported repositories. The contractor shall receive no identifying or personal health information about the study subjects. A wide range of specimen types are collected including whole blood, cord blood, buffy coats, plasma, serum, urine, saliva, tissues (e.g., placenta, omental fat), hair, nail clippings, follicular and seminal fluid, semen, and newborn blood spots. DiPHR requires analysis of this diverse collection of specimen types for a multitude of factors, including concentrations of reproductive and other hormones; dietary biomarkers; cytokines; indicators of metabolic function including analysis of fatty acids, triglycerides, and glucose; immune function markers; low levels of C-reactive protein; as well as extraction of DNA for whole exome sequencing and methylation analysis; RNA isolation for use in expression arrays; and microbiome analysis. DiPHR requires analysis of collected biological specimens including blood (plasma, serum, WBC, etc.), urine, saliva, adipose tissue, follicular fluid, seminal fluid, and other biologic material relevant for specific research initiatives. Proposed analyses include measurement of concentrations of steroid hormones; measurement of heavy metals; measurement of antioxidants and other nutritional markers including carotenoids, tocopherols, leptin, and leptin receptor; measurement of immune system markers; the flexibility to measure different analytes using multiplex and ELISA techniques; and quantification of metabolomics, proteomics, and genome-wide association studies. DiPHR designs and conducts innovative etiologic and interventional research from preconception through adulthood, focusing on successful reproduction, the health and well-being of pregnant women and their infants, and the optimal growth and development of children and adolescents across the lifespan. To accomplish this, the Division generates a collection of de-identified human biospecimens pertaining to these research activities. The Division requires the services of a biomedical laboratory to provide validated, clinical analyses of biospecimens as well as to modify and/or develop new analysis as needed to measure these biological specimens.