In 2006, the NIH Blueprint awarded the NIH Toolbox® contract to develop a standard set of instruments to measure neurological and behavioral health in persons ages 3-85 to ensure that assessment methods and results could be used for comparisons across studies, thus maximizing the utility of data collected by NIH grantees. The same developers competitively won an additional NIH Blueprint contract awarded in 2019, to create an extended standard set of neurodevelopmental assessment measures in younger ages – namely in children 1- to 42-months of age, thus enabling a tool for the full life-course assessment of neurological and behavioral health to be shared by investigators and clinicians. The 5-year contract engages a national team of researchers led by Richard Gershon, PhD, at Northwestern University, for the creation of this NIH Infant and Toddler Toolbox (aka the “NIH Baby Toolbox” or NBT).