Project Summary: The primary objective of The Hub at Rochester: Educating and Advancing Deaf/hard of hearing graduate Students, (THREADgS) is to rigorously train deaf and hard of hearing (D/HH) pre-doctoral Scholars and support their advance into independent academic careers within biomedical research enterprise. This is a vital unmet national need: the D/HH community is greatly underrepresented in the biomedical science academic workforce. Even so, there is no T32 program at any United States research-intensive university that focuses on training D/HH graduate students. The University of Rochester (UR) and the Rochester community as a whole have the resources and infrastructure to support D/HH learners at all other career stages. As the UR expands support for D/HH learners, THREADgS will also stimulate the further development of infrastructure to support American Sign Language (ASL) interpreter training in scientific terminology through a centralized mechanism. It will improve the environment for D/HH scientists, by “mentoring the mentors” to actively maintain inclusive communication strategies for D/HH trainees. Also, by freely disseminating our approach and outcomes, a successful implementation of this proposal will improve training for D/HH STEM graduate students everywhere. Our goals are: 1.) Double the number of D/HH graduate Scholars at URSMD in five years, an NIH Category B demographic – individuals with disabilities – that are critically underrepresented in biomedical research. 2.) Complete our NIGMS-funded pipeline for D/HH training in biomedical research, which currently supports undergraduates, masters’ students, and Ph.D. fellows, but not graduate Scholars. This is the only career pipeline for D/HH individuals at any research-intensive institution. 3.) Dramatically improve Deaf-aware mentoring through institutional support of formal training. 4.) Promote retention, social cohesion, and identification as biomedical researchers among D/HH graduate Scholars to improve graduate rates and reduce training time. 5.) Improve scientific training for all D/HH biomedical researchers by contributing to established lexicons of technical signs in American Sign Language (ASL) and by freely disseminating both our approach and outcomes as peer- reviewed articles. We will recruit 3 new D/HH scholars per year, with a maximum of a three-year appointment in T32 funding, to maintain a steady state of 9 D/HH Scholars within the program. As trainees leave T32 funding and complete their graduate studies, they will build a larger D/HH scholar community. Overall, this unique T32 program will equip our Scholars with the knowledge and research skills necessary for successful career advancement. The ultimate goal is that our Scholars will achieve full-time academic appointments in higher education and/or research institutions to reduce the dearth of D/HH faculty serving the nation's biomedical research needs.