PROJECT SUMMARY The 5 million Americans living with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are at increased risk of poor COVID-19 outcomes. SARO treatment with immunomodulators may lead to blunted and dysregulated immune responses to vaccination and infection. SARDs are characterized by a predisposition to autoantibody formation and fibrosis. These factors may place SARDs at risk for poor short-term outcomes (e.g., breakthrough infection, prolonged viral shedding) and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), characterized by prolonged COVID-19 symptoms (>/=28 days). PASC is of high clinical and