# Artificial intelligence analysis of atrial remodeling evolution in patients with atrial fibrillation: Towards optimal ablation strategies

> **NIH NIH R01** · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2024 · $800,793

## Abstract

PROJECT SUMMARY
 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia, leading to morbidity and mortality in
1-2% of the population and contributing significantly to global health care costs. For patients in whom AF can-
not be treated by drugs, the recommended therapy is catheter-based ablation to isolate arrhythmia triggers and
eliminate the substrate for arrhythmia perpetuation. The success rate of catheter ablation in rhythm controlled
AF patients is 50-75%, and is worse in patients with persistent AF. The mechanisms by which baseline and
post-ablation atrial remodeling, including atrial distension, functional impairment, and fibrosis, contribute to AF
recurrence following catheter ablation, are not well understood and the underling factors have not been charac-
terized. Understanding atrial remodeling in drug-refractory AF patients and discovering new personalized
strategies for successful AF ablation and prevention of AF recurrence is a quest of paramount clinical
significance. There is an urgent need to develop new approaches to ablation that account mechanistically for the
remodeling of the atrial substrate post-procedure, and thereby improve the efficacy of the therapy and eliminate
repeat procedures.
 The overall objective of this application is to use novel combination of imaging, artificial intelligence
(AI), electroanatomical mapping, and mechanistic computational modeling to understand the causes for
AF recurrence in drug-refractory AF patients and to develop a new paradigm for personalized ablation
that eliminates repeat procedures. Leveraging our advancements in the acquisition of high-quality atrial im-
ages, our expertise in AI and particularly deep learning, and our ability to efficiently generate personalized com-
putational atrial models, we propose to characterize baseline atrial remodeling in shape, structure and function
as well as its progression post-procedure. Using the obtained insights, we will develop a comprehensive abla-
tion strategy where AF ablation targets will be determined by reinforcement learning based on the mechanistic
knowledge acquired in the proposed studies. The project will culminate in a pilot prospective patient study that
will test the new ablation strategy. Successful execution of the project will pave the way for a paradigm shift in the
clinical procedure of AF ablation and in the quest to eliminate repeat procedures in drug-refractory AF patients,
resulting in a dramatic improvement in the efficacy of the therapy. Importantly, completion of this project will be
major leap forward in the integration of imaging, AI, and computational modeling in the diagnosis and treatment
of heart rhythm disorders.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10766693
- **Project number:** 5R01HL166759-02
- **Recipient organization:** JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
- **Principal Investigator:** Eugene Kholmovski
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $800,793
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2023-01-20 → 2027-12-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10766693

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10766693, Artificial intelligence analysis of atrial remodeling evolution in patients with atrial fibrillation: Towards optimal ablation strategies (5R01HL166759-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-25 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10766693. Licensed CC0.

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