PROJECT SUMMARY, Overall A safe, effective vaccine continues to be the best hope for controlling the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic. Due to similarities between the Indian-origin rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and human immune systems, vaccine development, as well as other approaches for controlling AIDS, are heavily dependent upon the SIV and SHIV macaque models. There is a continuing need for Indian-origin rhesus macaques to support this work. Domestic breeding programs that are designed to efficiently produce well characterized Indian-origin rhesus macaques are necessary to ensure the supply of biomedical research subjects required for AIDS vaccine development and treatments, and pathogenesis studies. The purpose of this proposal is to provide support for the genetically characterized, specific pathogen free, Indian-origin rhesus macaque AIDS Research Colony resource that was established in 2001 at the Oregon National Primate Research Center.