# Mechanism of CX3CR1+ macrophage-mediated resolution of eosinophilic allergic lung inflammation > **NIH NIH R01** · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · 2024 · $554,305 ## Abstract Title: Mechanism of CX3CR1+ macrophage-mediated resolution of eosinophilic allergic lung inflammation Abstract: Recent studies show that tissue-resident macrophages participate in not only the initiation of inflammation but also in the resolution and prevention of local inflammation. To precisely determine the subsets of macrophages engaged in resolving lung inflammation and gain insight into their functions, we adopted new techniques of mass cytometry and single-cell RNA-seq (sc-RNA-seq) to analyze human and mouse macrophages in the lung. Our supporting data showed that alveolar macrophages (AMs) are phenotypically diverse and highly dynamic in response to allergen challenge. Based on the sc-RNA-seq data, AMs can be clustered into a few groups at a steady status. Among these groups, a subset of CX3CR1-expressing AMs (CX3CR1+ AMs) are unique in terms of their phenotype and patterns of gene expression, compared to classical resident AMs which are CX3CR1 negative. In patients with allergic asthma and a mouse model of asthma, we found that CX3CR1+ AMs are markedly increased in BAL by allergen challenge. The CX3CR1+ AMs express not only the macrophage but also eosinophil markers such as human Siglec-8. Further investigation with the CX3CR1- reporter and Epx-cre (a.k.a. Eo-cre) reporter mice reveals that CX3CR1+ macrophages engulf eosinophils at a steady state and in allergic lung inflammation. Depletion of CX3CR1+ macrophages in mouse models resulted in spontaneous tissue eosinophilia at a steady status and prolonged tissue eosinophilia in allergic lung inflammation. Based on this data, we hypothesized that the newly recruited CX3CR1+ AM subset promote the clearance of tissue eosinophils and facilitates the resolution of allergic lung inflammation. In aim 1, we will focus on the cellular dynamics of CX3CR1+ macrophages in allergic lung inflammation. Regarding the molecular mechanism of CX3CR1+ mediated-eosinophil clearance, we examined the potential ligands for CX3CR1 – CX3CL1 and CCL26. We discovered that CCL26 plays a key role in activating CX3CR1+ macrophages, whereas CX3CL1 is indispensable. Our sc-RNA-seq data revealed that CX3CR1+ AM subset is the sole source of the transcript of C1q - a key molecule for efferocytosis. In in-vitro setting, CCL26 triggers CX3CR1+ macrophages to secrete C1q in a CX3CR1 receptor-mediated manner. Furthermore, C1q and CCL26 are increased in BAL by allergen challenge in patients with allergic asthma. This data suggests CCL26 activates CX3CR1+ macrophages to facilitate efferocytosis via C1q secretion. In aim 2, we will examine the detailed mechanisms of CX3CR1+ macrophage activation through CCL26-mediated C1q secretion. Finally, we will extend the study to translational human research using the IRB-approved protocol for the segmental provocation with an allergen to evaluate the human relevance of the above proposed experiments. The proposed study is based on our strong supporting data on the new roles of CX3CR1+ macro... ## Key facts - **NIH application ID:** 10791898 - **Project number:** 5R01HL153170-04 - **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO - **Principal Investigator:** Gye Young Park - **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.) - **Funding institute:** NIH - **Fiscal year:** 2024 - **Award amount:** $554,305 - **Award type:** 5 - **Project period:** 2021-05-10 → 2026-02-28 ## Primary source NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10791898 ## Citation > US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10791898, Mechanism of CX3CR1+ macrophage-mediated resolution of eosinophilic allergic lung inflammation (5R01HL153170-04). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-27 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10791898. Licensed CC0. --- *[NIH grants dataset](/datasets/nih-grants) · CC0 1.0*