# Early Education, School Readiness, and Early School Success Among Children In Poverty: Exploring the Role of Parasympathetic Function in the Preschool Classroom

> **NIH NIH R01** · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · 2024 · $707,203

## Abstract

Project Summary
School readiness skills prior to entering elementary school are crucial for later academic success and,
importantly, these skills may act as a protective factor for low-income students as they transition into
Kindergarten and continue through elementary school. However, extant studies of school readiness before
elementary school have largely defined and measured this construct in narrow and potentially inaccurate ways.
For the most part, studies have focused on cognitive assessments, ignoring important social-emotional
characteristics that are required to perform well in the classroom. For studies that have taken these factors into
account, this is often assessed by parent or teacher report or in the home or lab settings, which ignore the way
in which the demands of the classroom environment may affect functioning. In addition, these assessments are
primarily behavioral; very few studies have attempted to understand the interplay of children’s
psychophysiological functioning and their classroom experiences. Indeed, there is a substantial gap in our
knowledge regarding how psychophysiological functioning may impact students’ school readiness and early
school success; this is particularly salient if we seek to improve academic outcomes for low-income children
through early education.
To address this gap, a diverse sample of families will be recruited for the proposed short-term longitudinal
study. We will enroll 270 children from approximately 30 classrooms prior to their final year of preschool (preK).
Across preK, children will participate in several data collection visits including fall and spring school readiness
assessments. In addition, on two occasions across the school year, we will observe children in the classroom
while also collecting cardiac data. Finally, at the end of Kindergarten, several assessments of school success
will be conducted. These data will be used to examine how teacher behavior and children’s respiratory sinus
arrhythmia (RSA), a key indicator of psychophysiological regulation and function, work together to predict
school readiness and early school success.
This study will be the first to examine school readiness in a sample of low-income children that includes
conducting naturalistic observations (and cardiac monitoring) of children and their teachers in the preK
classroom at two timepoints, with a focus on the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) as a mechanism that
may play a critical role the way in which children respond differently to teacher sensitivity and behavior, and
subsequently predict school readiness and school success in Kindergarten.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10801074
- **Project number:** 1R01HD111642-01A1
- **Recipient organization:** UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
- **Principal Investigator:** Cathi Barbra Propper
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $707,203
- **Award type:** 1
- **Project period:** 2024-09-01 → 2028-06-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10801074

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10801074, Early Education, School Readiness, and Early School Success Among Children In Poverty: Exploring the Role of Parasympathetic Function in the Preschool Classroom (1R01HD111642-01A1). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-24 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10801074. Licensed CC0.

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