The physician-scientist workforce has been an important driver for many of the substantial discoveries in infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases over the last two decades. Yet, this workforce has been in decline. Residency training typically offers little time or support for research. This major gap in the development of physician-scientists limits the translation of research into the clinical arena. Following a long, independent history of training successful physician-scientists, in 2018 Duke was awarded an R38 award to establish the Duke NIAID Scientist-Clinician-Investigator Stimulating access to Research in Residency (Duke NIAID SCI-StARR) program. The primary goal of this multidisciplinary program is to train physician-scientists in all aspects of biomedical research in order to cultivate investigators who will lead the development, implementation, and evaluation of new clinical modalities to diagnose, treat and prevent infectious, immunologic and allergic diseases in children and adults. Duke NIAID SCI-StARR trains residents from Medicine, Pediatrics, and Surgery in areas along the full biomedical research continuum (basic/translational, early phase clinical trials and pharmacokinetics, and late phase clinical trials and outcomes) with a theme of improving health over the life course. The program comprises four training aims: 1) comprehensive didactics covering basic, translational, and clinical research and professional development; 2) development and completion of a research project and an individualized career development plan; 3) establishment of a track record of scholarly activity; and 4) eligibility for board certification and continuation to subspecialty training. Duke NIAID SCI-StARR leadership includes an Executive Committee of MPIs Scott Palmer, MD, MHS (Medicine), Rachel Greenberg, MD, MB, MS (Pediatrics), and David Harpole, Jr, MD (Surgery), along with Residency Program Directors and Program Coordinators from each department. Duke NIAID SCI-StARR capitalizes on a team of 32 multi-departmental, multi-disciplinary, well-funded, and experienced faculty preceptors available to all trainees, independent of their clinical department. This renewal builds on the success of the initial funding period in which 13 residents (3 Medicine, 3 Pediatrics, 7 Surgery) were trained and requests support for 18-24 months of protected research time for three Resident-Investigators appointed annually. Unlike PhDs, physician-scientists must spend several years completing clinical training prior to returning to laboratory research. To bridge this gap, our program provides two years of technician support after completing the fellowship. Thus, our trainees will be prepared to transition to research-intense fellowship training, successfully compete for extramural funding to support a path to independence, and become the next generation of physicians leading and mentoring trainees in clinically-oriented research of allergy, immunology, and infecti...