PROJECT SUMMARY: RESOURCE COMPONENT The SPF18BRR is the only national research resource of adventitious virus free olive baboons (Papio anubis) that are available to NIH grantees; intramural research programs of federal agencies, including the FDA, NSF and NIH; and other sponsors of biomedical research (private foundations, pharmaceutical companies, and contract research organizations). Absolutely unique in the entire world, the baboons in the SPF18BRR have an extensive bioexclusion list of 18 pathogens normally found in other wild and captive nonhuman primate colonies. The SPF18BRR has integrated a number of components into a program designed to meet the needs of investigators who utilize its resources. During the proposed period of support, the SPF18BRR will continue to improve the resources it provides to users and will continue to add new information about the biology and research value of virus free baboons to its website. Baboons continue to be important animal model for genetically engineered pig xenotransplantation, are the only NHP model of human respiratory syncytial virus and whooping cough, and they remain a very important model of bacterial sepsis. Additionally, baboons are excellent models of human COVID associated pneumonia, and they were instrumental in the development of approved vaccines for SARS CoV-2. Over the next five years, the SPF18BRR will focus on expanding the SPF18 baboon breeding colony to meet current and future biomedical research needs for adventitious virus free olive baboons. The overall goals of the Resource Component of the SPF18BRR are to continue to expand and diversify the national research resource of SPF18 olive baboons and olive baboon derived biological materials; to provide education and training to scientists, veterinarians, colony managers, and animals caregivers who work with virus free baboons; and to support investigators who need facilities and expertise to conduct studies using SPF18 baboons. New areas of research continue to emerge that need SPF18 baboons: over the last few years alone the baboon has emerged as an excellent model of human Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, and as an excellent model of human SARS CoV-2 infection. As these and other new areas of research develop, the SPF18BRR plays an essential role in providing animals, biological resources, and the expertise needed to support these research projects. Over the next five years, the SPF18BRR will continue to provide SPF18 baboons and related resources to the scientific community and will continue to increase the value of the SPF18 baboon as a model for biomedical research. Currently the demand for SPF18 baboons and biological resources far exceeds our ability to provide animals and resources to meet this need, which makes it imperative that NIH continue to support this unique biomedical research resource.