# Evaluation of a mobile app-based video Directly Observed Therapy (video DOT) intervention for medication adherence in pediatric heart transplant patients

> **NIH NIH R44** · EMOCHA MOBILE HEALTH, INC. · 2024 · $837,410

## Abstract

Few interventions have proven to be successful in promoting medication adherence and impacting short- and
long-term posttransplant outcomes in adolescent heart transplant (HT) recipients. Improving adherence is a
persistent challenge with youth experiencing chronic health conditions, especially among adolescent transplant
recipients. Adolescent organ transplant recipients experience unique challenges remaining adherent to the
complex posttransplant regimen, with rates of nonadherence as high as 40% to 60%. In this population,
medication nonadherence remains a primary cause of late acute rejection (LAR) episodes, increased number
of hospitalizations, graft failure, and patient mortality. A mobile health application developed by emocha
Health Inc. facilitates asynchronous mobile video directly observed therapy (DOT) intervention,
empowering users to track dose-by-dose medication adherence. The intervention has been successfully
implemented with adolescent HT patients at University of Florida (UF) Health, wherein patients and their
caregivers reported high levels of intervention acceptability. In the proposed SBIR Direct to Phase II (R44)
project, we will examine several newly implemented technological and practical innovations within
emocha’s DOT app (and intervention). In this randomized controlled trial, we will assign adolescent HT
recipients to either the 12-week DOT intervention or to a control group involving enhanced goal-setting
sessions with transplant team members. Specifically, we seek to advance the DOT approach to allow for
greater patient engagement and interaction through novel video feedback and simplify delivery of the
intervention through centralized medication and dosing review at a single transplant center for the entire
study population: three pediatric HT centers representing a significant proportion of pediatric HT patients in the
state of Florida. Together with emocha, our small business partner, the proposed study will examine differences
in patient- and caregiver-reported measures, factors related to scalability and potential of translation of the
DOT intervention into routine clinical care, and long-term health and adherence patient outcomes. This study
will expand on recent results from pilot research using the emocha DOT intervention with adolescent HT
recipients. Implementing the DOT intervention with pediatric HT recipients with improved video feedback
capabilities and use of centralized adherence and participant monitoring are both programmatic innovations.
Our long-term goals are to provide evidence-based tools and support for pediatric HT recipients while
improving their medication-taking behaviors and to reduce barriers to delivery of DOT for pediatric solid organ
transplant teams. Such efforts are central to their care, the treatment efforts of transplant teams, and to the
research priorities of NHLBI.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10818337
- **Project number:** 5R44HL167591-02
- **Recipient organization:** EMOCHA MOBILE HEALTH, INC.
- **Principal Investigator:** Dipankar Gupta
- **Activity code:** R44 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $837,410
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2023-04-01 → 2027-03-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10818337

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10818337, Evaluation of a mobile app-based video Directly Observed Therapy (video DOT) intervention for medication adherence in pediatric heart transplant patients (5R44HL167591-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-23 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10818337. Licensed CC0.

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