Abstract Anesthesiology is an interdisciplinary medical specialty requiring its practitioners to have a broad fund of knowledge, including pharmacology, physiology, and engineering and the ability to apply this knowledge in both controlled and emergency situations. In addition to providing trainees with exceptional clinical knowledge and skills, the Anesthesiology Department as well as the larger academic community at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), provides a world-class environment for high quality training in research. Two particular basic science research strengths at UCSD include the Departments of Pharmacology and Engineering. Anesthesiologists including both basic scientists and clinicians have productive interactions and collaborations with faculty in these two disciplines. Thus, the primary goal of this renewal T32 grant application remains to train the next generation of clinician scientist in the Department of Anesthesiology to address important questions in the discipline by leveraging the potential interdisciplinary training available in collaboration with faculty in pharmacology and engineering. These interactions serve as guidance for our fellows; however, fellows with their mentoring team have the ability to work beyond, within, and in larger collaboratives to undertake research at the broadest level to involve as many disciplines necessary to adequately address the questions asked. This goal will continue to be facilitated by approaching primary questions in anesthesia with an interdisciplinary training focus; however, the program will remain flexible to expand research scope as the interests of fellows develop. This training grant will provide post-graduate trainees (MDs or MD/PhDs) with a 2-year research experience consisting of a broad focus on the basic molecular mechanisms of drug action and/or exploration of a variety of engineering disciplines. Emphasis will be on defining novel mechanisms of drug action for therapeutic interventions, applying engineering principles to create devices, model physiology and pathophysiology using mathematical and theoretical approaches, investigate biomaterials to facilitate non-invasive monitoring, and generation of biometric and blood derived biological data, among other projects to enhance human health and the patient experience. To achieve this overall goal, the training experience has two specific aims: i) expose fellows to a culture of science and investigation present in the Department specifically and the campus broadly and ii) achieve competency in the allied elements of a research career, e.g. experimental design, data analyses, presentations, manuscript preparation and publication and how best to obtain research funding as well as lab management and job interview skills. We strongly emphasize collegiality and ethics in the research environment. In achieving our strong commitment to the development of the clinician scientist, our overriding mission is the training of...