CEIRR will determine the molecular, ecologic and/or environmental factors that influence the evolution, emergence, transmission and pathogenicity of respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, and characterize the immune response to infection to improve understanding of the immune correlates of protection and cross-protection. CEIRR will carry out a host of activities, including cohort studies and human and animal sampling to further understanding of respiratory infections, transmission and vaccination; identification of immunological factors that determine disease outcome in the response to infection and vaccination; and studies to determine how coronaviruses evolve, adapt and transmit between humans and at interspecies interfaces.