PROJECT SUMMARY The broad goal of our T32 training grant program is to provide in-depth research training to talented individuals who are committed to pursuing basic, translational and/or clinical research on topics in anesthesiology, critical care medicine, pain medicine and the perioperative sciences. Our program structure ensures that trainees learn state-of-the-art research techniques, the fundamentals of posing research questions, the critical thinking involved in analyzing and reporting their results, and the tools and skills required to perform research rigorously and ethically. Through direct mentored research, formalized didactic training, seminars and conferences, our trainees learn to design and conduct laboratory experiments and clinical studies, to formulate and write grants, to perform appropriate statistical analyses, and to understand the regulations, reproducibility and ethical issues that are involved in research. Our program optimizes functional interactions between trainees and diverse faculty mentors, and it provides an environment in which trainees can develop into high quality clinically relevant researchers with the skills to effectively collaborate with both clinical and basic science investigators. Faculty are organized into 5 tracks that encompass the broad areas of research focus in the Department of Anesthesia: (1) Critical Care and Immunology, (2) Neurosciences and Pain, (3) Omics, Bioinformatics, and Medical Informatics, (4) Outcomes and Disparities Research, and Implementation Sciences, and (5) Molecular Biology and Biomedical Imaging. Each track is overseen by an appropriate senior faculty researcher and includes physician-scientist and PhD-scientist faculty mentors. Faculty mentors come from the Department of Anesthesia as well as from multiple clinical and basic science departments across the UCSF campuses. We focus recruitment efforts on outstanding MD and MD-PhD candidates who are completing or have already completed their anesthesiology residency or clinical fellowship in an anesthesia subspecialty. We also occasionally appoint outstanding physician trainees from other clinical disciplines or PhD scientists, provided they are doing research training with faculty in the Department of Anesthesia and that their research and career goals are directly aligned with the mission of academic anesthesiology. We request to continue with 4 slots per year. This will allow us to accommodate the research trainee pool derived from the Research Scholars Track of the Anesthesia Residency, which is a 4-year program (PGY2-PGY5/CA1-CA4) that includes 2 years of protected research time, and to bring in additional individuals through our categorical residency and clinical fellowships. We will require a 2-year minimum commitment to the T32 training program, but we will encourage some trainees to do 3 years of training if it is appropriate for their individualized research training program. Our T32 program prepares trainees to become...