# Improving the equity of RCTs among patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure

> **NIH NIH K24** · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · 2024 · $127,030

## Abstract

The goal of this Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research is to enhance Dr. Scott
Halpern’s ability to mentor students, residents, post-doctoral fellows, and junior faculty in developing and
testing strategies to improve fairness in the enrollment and analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) among
patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure, thereby leading to more equitable care for such patients.
During his initial K24, Dr. Halpern completed 3 scientific aims that help augment the efficiency of such RCTs,
and 3 career development goals that made him a more effective mentor. Milestones completed during the
initial K24 include his primarily mentoring 7 new individuals to receive NIH K awards and 8 mentees to earn 14
R01 or equivalent independent research grants. Motivated by his team’s increased commitments to health
equity, this renewal K24 proposes new scientific aims that will improve the equity of enrollment in and analysis
of respiratory failure RCTs while helping Dr. Halpern develop new skills in training more junior mentors,
building infrastructures that catalyze successful mentorship, and developing and applying equitable prediction
models to guide care and predict outcomes for patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure.
 The new scientific aims of this K24 renewal will leverage the resources and patients enrolling in several
new initiatives of Dr. Halpern’s Palliative and Advanced Illness Research (PAIR) Center. Aims 1a and 1b will
test the hypotheses that using mobile patient recruitment strategies and behavioral economic approaches to
framing consent decisions will improve the diversity and representativeness of respiratory failure RCTs. These
aims will leverage parallel insights being developed through his recently established Behavioral Economics to
Transform Trial Enrollment Representativeness (BETTER) Center, funded by the American Heart Association
to enable more equitable enrollment in cardiovascular RCTs. Dr. Halpern will also lead qualitative interviews
among patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure engaged in prospective cohort studies led by several
of his mentees. Aims 2a and 2b will use patient-level data from 15 RCTs completed by the PAIR Center or
NHLBI’s ARDSNet and PETAL Networks to determine whether the 7 predictive models most commonly used
for risk adjustment in respiratory failure RCTs perform equitably across groups defined by race, ethnicity, and
sex, and to identify features of these models that are associated with inequitable performance. These latter
aims will provide essential insights for Dr. Halpern’s team’s future efforts to develop more equitable models.
 Renewal of this K24 award would enable Dr. Halpern to quell growth in his administrative
responsibilities and thus (1) maintain the time he currently commits to mentoring, (2) attend meetings to learn
from more senior mentors and research leaders and to train his junior faculty mentees to develop their own...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10833206
- **Project number:** 5K24HL143289-07
- **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
- **Principal Investigator:** Scott D Halpern
- **Activity code:** K24 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $127,030
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2018-07-01 → 2028-06-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10833206

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10833206, Improving the equity of RCTs among patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure (5K24HL143289-07). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-26 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10833206. Licensed CC0.

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