# Human and Vector Drivers of Transmission and Enhanced Surveillance for Early Outbreak Detection and Monitoring Progress Toward Elimination

> **NIH NIH U19** · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · 2024 · $255,365

## Abstract

ABSTRACT
Malaria control and elimination are stymied by incompletely understood drivers of transmission by both the
human reservoir and vector mosquitoes. Although the specifics of these drivers and the barriers they present
are not uniform across transmission settings, there are common gaps in knowledge that, if filled, could lead to
more effective control strategies and surveillance systems. The first of these fundamental gaps is the
spatiotemporal risk of malaria transmission created by interaction of the anopheline vector and human host.
We will address this at the household level by assessing when and where mosquito and human behaviors
enable the interaction between parasites, vectors, and humans. The second gap is in understanding who is
most at risk. Individuals differ not only in their risk behaviors but also by how attractive they are to mosquitoes.
Lastly, where malaria transmission is low and nearing elimination, surveillance strategies based on detection of
parasite-positive vectors or gametocytes in human hosts are not efficient for targeting hotspots. Different
metrics and tools are needed to achieve and sustain malaria elimination. Serological surveillance of residual
blood at rural health facilities coupled with a near real-time data visualization dashboard could guide malaria
elimination interventions at fine spatial scales.
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## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10837341
- **Project number:** 2U19AI089680-15
- **Recipient organization:** JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
- **Principal Investigator:** WILLIAM J MOSS
- **Activity code:** U19 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $255,365
- **Award type:** 2
- **Project period:** 2010-07-01 → 2029-03-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10837341

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10837341, Human and Vector Drivers of Transmission and Enhanced Surveillance for Early Outbreak Detection and Monitoring Progress Toward Elimination (2U19AI089680-15). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-24 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10837341. Licensed CC0.

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