PROJECT SUMMARY (CORE B) The examination of structure and strength is crucial for studies of musculoskeletal biology and medicine. The rigorous assessment of these outcomes requires substantial expertise, a battery of specialized equipment, well-trained users, validated protocols, and regular systems maintenance and calibration. We will support critical infrastructure, shared facilities, training, full-service data acquisition, and project consultations for evaluating structure and mechanical behavior of musculoskeletal tissues. We will achieve these goals through following specific aims: Aim 1 – Maintain protocols, equipment, and enable the imaging/mechanical testing of musculoskeletal structures and tissues. Standard imaging techniques include plane radiography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DeXA), micro-computed tomography (microCT), and high-resolution X-ray microscopy. Standard mechanical testing techniques include long- bone bending, vertebrae and intervertebral disc compression, torsion testing for bone/fracture calluses, fracture toughness in bone, and bone and cartilage microindentation. Investigators have an ongoing need for musculoskeletal imaging and mechanical testing that can generate quantitative outcomes. By assuring that the equipment is properly maintained and accessible to users, we can continue to be an effective resource for the Research Community to generate quality data with broad impact. Aim 2 – Provide training, engage users, and assist with data compliance to optimize quality, efficiency, and impact. Present workshops and seminars, and produce training documentation (SOPs and videos) to educate users and ensure best-practices are followed for rigor and reproducibility. We will consult with investigators prior to the initiation of studies to promote integrate approaches within Core B and across other Cores. To support the Research Community with NIH Data Management Compliance, we will assist users in exporting and curating datasets. Aim 3 – Enhance state-of-the-art infrastructure and drive innovation within the Research Community. Collaborate with the Research Community to develop and validate new protocols with the goal of broad adaptation and dissemination. Continue to validate and disseminate new techniques broadly, such as the osteocyte lacunar network imaging and time-lapse microCT for nondestructive measurements of bone remodeling. Through regular solicitation of user feedback, we will continue to be responsive to needs of the Research Community. In summary, Core B will provide critical access and support to members of our dynamic Research Community to enable cost-effective utilization of methods to quantify morphology and mechanical properties from diverse musculoskeletal tissues. Through our efforts we will enhance research productivity and rigor, provide training and access to state-of-the-art and emerging techniques, and enhance innovation in the Research Community.