Project Summary/Abstract This renewal application requests support for integrated, broad-based, fundamental, multidisciplinary predoctoral training of first- and second-year students in Neuroscience at the University of Iowa. The application builds on more than three and a half decades of success in matriculating, training, and placing top- caliber PhD students. Our Program features mature leadership, with Daniel Tranel, PhD, having led the Program and T32 since 2000. For the next cycle, in response to Program growth, leadership will be enhanced by the addition of two MPIs, Sheila Baker, PhD, and Gordon Buchanan, MD, PhD. During the past 5 years, the Program has seen sharp increases in student enrollment and funded neuroscience faculty, reflecting the strong institutional emphasis on Neuroscience and the major infusion of resources from the Iowa Neuroscience Institute (including new buildings and numerous new faculty hires). The Program draws on a long Iowa tradition of collaborations between basic and clinical scientists (many of our preceptors are clinician-scientists), a strong translational focus, and a major emphasis on quantitative training. The Training Faculty is comprised by 79 experienced, well-funded, diverse neuroscientists with research interests that span the gamut of neuroscience. Students participate in a carefully honed curriculum that offers broad and fundamental training in levels of analysis and breadth of approaches, with a special focus on the neuroscience of disease and disorders (including a highly successful Neurobiology of Disease course). There is intensive training in experimental design, statistical methodology, quantitative skills, reproducibility, and professional skills development (enhanced by new curricular components in teaching, oral/written communication, networking/skill building, and grantsmanship), and detailed annual student evaluation using the Individual Developmental Plan. The Program incorporates three laboratory rotations, regular programmatic activities (Seminar, Research Day, journal clubs), and comprehensive training in responsible conduct of research and reproducibility. Program evaluation includes detailed internal and external reviews that evaluate all aspects of the Program and recommend changes. The “value-added” is especially compelling—NIH training grant dollars enhance every aspect of our Program and have contributed directly to sustained successes marked by outstanding time to degree (5.1 years), productivity (5.8 publications per student, 2.4 as first author), completion rate (86%), and placement of graduates in stellar neuroscience careers (54% of our graduates are in tenured or tenure-track academic positions). Our Program has a strong record of recruiting and training students from underrepresented backgrounds (a third of our student cohort is diverse; half of our training grant appointees are from diverse backgrounds), and this T32 is the parent grant to a new R25 Doctoral Readiness P...