The overall vision of the Rockefeller University Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), supported by the CTSA program, is to develop, demonstrate, and disseminate innovative programs so as to create a model clinical research enterprise built on rigor, responsible and transparent reporting, and scientific integrity to empower translation of paradigm-breaking discoveries into better human health. The overarching goal of our KL2 Clinical Scholars Master's degree program is to prepare our trainees to be successful, scientifically independent, translational investigators who can lead translational teams on projects to improve human health. The core of the program is a mentored translational research experience in which the Scholar serves as a translational team science leader, and develops, conducts, analyzes, and disseminates the results of a human participant study under the guidance of a distinguished senior scientific mentor and with the assistance of a cadre of Translational Science Team Experts/Educators. This experience is complemented by a didactic curriculum including tutorials in Clinical and Translational Science, Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Epidemiology; a weekly Clinical Research Seminar by outstanding translational investigators; a private weekly meeting with the seminar speaker; team science leadership training; a graduate level scientific course; Humanities and Translational Science special events; and training in the Responsible Conduct of Research. Our program benefits from the scientific strength of the mentors in the program, with 10 of the mentors of Scholars during the current grant period being elected members of the National Academy of Sciences. Thus, our specific aims are: 1. To train physician scientists and doctoral level health professionals as outstanding, scientifically independent translational investigators in a 3 year mentored KL2 Clinical Scholars Master's degree program that includes: a) leadership of a human participant protocol from conception to reporting, b) a didactic curriculum to help the Scholar master the competencies to function as a rigorous independent translational scientist, c) focused instruction and feedback to develop the team science leadership competencies required to successfully lead a translational science team. 2. To introduce new educational programs to maximize Scholars' educational experience and ability to consider a wide variety of career choices, as well as benefit from emerging new technology and resources: a) Team science leadership training, b) Pharmaceutical production and formulation, d) Ontology-driven human phenotyping, e) Searching Electronics Health Records and causal inference, e) From discovery to health-enhancing product, and f) Engaging communities as full partners. 3. Reinforce the importance of achieving the highest possible levels of rigor, reproducibility, and reporting (R3) and assist Scholars in developing best practices early in their research car...