PROJECT ABSTRACT This application is a renewal of our aging-related Integrative Physiology of Aging T32, which is currently in its 20th year. The overall objective is to continue research training efforts on both the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (CU-AMC) and the University of Colorado-Boulder Campus (CU-B). As with the previous funding cycle, the major participating programs will be the Division of Geriatric Medicine (DGM), the Department of Integrative Physiology (IPHY) at CU-B and the VA Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC). Because we are the only T32 out of 50+ institutional training grants (T32, TL1, KL2, K12) at CU-AMC/CU-B that specifically focuses on aging physiology, we are requesting support for 5 predoctoral and 5 postdoctoral trainees each year, similar to the previous award. The specific objectives of this training program are to continue to: 1) expand the participating faculty and create an even more collaborative and effective mentoring group in support of age-related research at CU-AMC, CU-B and Eastern Colorado GRECC; 2) recruit, select, support and retain high quality predoctoral and postdoctoral (MD and PhD) trainees, with a continued emphasis on attracting underrepresented minorities (URM), women, disabled, and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds; 3) support experiential and didactic research training opportunities in the integrative physiology of aging, including methods for enhancing reproducibility (e.g., consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable); 4) support the “T-shaped Team Training” (T3) program for trainees (and mentors); 5) monitor, support and ensure successful progress of trainees using predetermined milestones, defined in their individual Career Development Plan (CDP); and 6) enhance the mentoring skills of junior “associate mentors” through co-mentoring with a “primary mentor” and participation in the T3 program. These objectives will be carried out by offering: 1) up to 2 years of research training support (the second years dependent upon successful progress); 2) dual mentoring by outstanding primary and associate mentors; 3) a variety of relevant classroom/research experiences on both campuses and team science training programs; 4) frequent and careful review of trainee progress/success; 5) ongoing appraisal of the program goals, strength and weaknesses; and 6) sound financial and administrative oversight. Our previous success is demonstrated by our ability to: 1) fill all of our positions with outstanding trainees; 2) produce academically successful and productive trainees; 3) build a pipeline of mentors, by transitioning trainees to associate mentors and associate mentors to primary mentors; and 4) expand aging-research across campuses through ongoing collaboration among the participating programs and faculty.