Project Summary/Abstract The University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) College of Pharmacy is the third oldest of the 100+ pharmacy colleges in the U.S., founded in 1859, and even older than the University of Illinois itself. Our College consistently ranks in the top five nationally for NIH funding and overall research expenditures (AACP statistics). Enrolling an average of 120 graduate students and 20 postdoctoral researchers at any one time, this renewal application seeks continued support for our long-standing program for natural products research and graduate/postgraduate education. This program has two major elements: the Pharmacognosy Institute (PHCI), a UofIL-accredited research unit that evolved from Prof. Farnsworth's Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS) and the UIC Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research; and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (PSCI), the academic home department of most of the mentors, graduate students and postdoctoral researchers in this proposal. The natural product program at UIC enjoys a global reputation of excellence in graduate and postgraduate training, with several hundreds of alumni worldwide. Its signature is the emphasis on interdisciplinary and collaborative approaches to graduate and postgraduate education in natural products of biomedical relevance. PSCI offers a graduate program in pharmaceutical science with a pharmacognosy and three other tracks with strong natural product components, as well as a postdoctoral and scholarly training and exchange program that includes the UIC WHO Traditional Medicines Collaborating Center. Three additional research units, the UICentre (drug discovery), the Center for Biomolecular Sciences, and the Institute for Tuberculosis Research have expanded the educational opportunities for our trainees, especially in the outgoing Year 6-10 cycle. Mentored by a large group of well-funded faculty with expertise in biomedical natural products research, our graduates move on to leadership positions in academia, industry, regulatory, and government, predominantly in the U.S. but also globally. Training young scientists for careers in natural products research and health products is a core mission of our College of Pharmacy, the PHCI and PSCI, and the focus of this training grant.