# The longer-term impact of prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the COVID-19 vaccine on behavior, cognition, and brain functioning in the child

> **NIH NIH R01** · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · 2024 · $716,474

## Abstract

SUMMARY
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over 233 million people
globally. The US alone has reported ~126,000 coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) cases in pregnant
individuals, not including many asymptomatic and unconfirmed cases. Thus, potentially millions of children
worldwide may be impacted by the sequelae of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure.
Animal research has shown that various maternal viral infections during pregnancy are associated with impaired
neurodevelopment in offspring. In line with these findings, epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal
exposure to infections is linked to neurodevelopmental deviations, and an elevated risk for ASD. There is an
urgent need for prospective, well-characterized birth cohorts to study the link between prenatal exposure to
SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk for adverse child development, particularly in light of a global health crisis with
potentially lifelong consequences for the child. Moreover, pregnant women are now being vaccinated against
COVID-19 on a large scale. Vaccines elicit a brief immune response, ranging from mild to severe, with fever and
increased cytokine levels. While studies have shown that these vaccines are safe during pregnancy, the long-
term effects on the child's developing brain are unknown.
This study aims to investigate the association of prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19
vaccination with behavior, cognition, and brain functioning in the child at 3 years of age. We hypothesize that
SARS-CoV-2 infection negatively impact child outcomes, mediated by changes to the fetal immune system. We
further hypothesize that COVID-19 vaccines are safe, with little to no long-term effects on the child.
We will leverage our on-going prospective pregnancy cohort `Generation C', which we established at The Mount
Sinai Health System in New York City (NYC) in the early weeks of the pandemic (> 2,800 women enrolled). The
cohort is racially/ethnically and socio-economically diverse. We obtained the following: 1) maternal blood
samples during pregnancy, and at delivery; 2) maternal SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers for each blood draw; 3)
demographic and clinical data; and 4) neonatal dried blood spots (DBS). In the proposed project, we will (i)
follow-up SARS-CoV-2 exposed, vaccine-exposed and non-infected and non-vaccinated mother-child dyads 3
years after birth, combining (ii) existing information on maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19
vaccination status during pregnancy, with (iii) newly collected data on SARS-CoV-2 antibody and cytokine levels
in neonatal DBS; (iv) childhood neurodevelopment including behavior, cognition, and motor development, and
(iv) brain functioning using electroencephalogram (EEG).

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10857242
- **Project number:** 5R01HD109613-03
- **Recipient organization:** ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI
- **Principal Investigator:** Anna-Sophie Rommel
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $716,474
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2022-08-19 → 2027-06-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10857242

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10857242, The longer-term impact of prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the COVID-19 vaccine on behavior, cognition, and brain functioning in the child (5R01HD109613-03). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-24 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10857242. Licensed CC0.

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