Columbia University School of Nursing (CUSON) has been a leader in preparing nurse scientists to conduct relevant, rigorous, interdisciplinary, comparative, and cost-effectiveness health policy research for nearly a decade to inform care delivery across the lifespan and to improve the care of vulnerable patients through our training grant (T32NR014205) and related funding sources. Leaders, preceptors, and trainees of our program have conducted research that has advanced nursing science and health equity. We will expand on the success and substantial achievements of the prior 10 years with this competitive renewal entitled “Systems Science and Comparative and Cost-Effectiveness Research Training for Nurse Scientists” (S2CER2). S2CER2 aims and training activities are well-aligned with National Institute of Nursing Research’s commitment to supporting nursing science focused on: a) reducing and ultimately eliminating the systemic and structural inequities that place certain population groups at a disadvantage and impede health equity; b) developing and implementing interventions that address social determinants of health across the lifespan; and c) designing systems and models of care to address clinical, organizational, and policy challenges. Building upon our unique and historic strengths, S2CER2 leverages our leadership team and excellent institutional resources, including the research base of participating faculty, to focus on overcoming structural obstacles to health for everyone—regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, income, or location. We will provide high-quality, innovative, and relevant training for nurse scientists dedicated to conducting systems, comparative, and cost-effectiveness research with the goal of increasing health equity. Given our success in recruiting and training a diverse cadre of nurses and past program outcomes, we request 3 predoctoral and 4 postdoctoral positions. Guided by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework, the specific aims of S2CER2 for Years 11–15 are to: 1. Maintain an administrative structure to support interdisciplinary systems science, and comparative and cost-effectiveness research training to advance health equity. 2. Recruit and retain a qualified, diverse cadre of predoctoral and postdoctoral nurses from different backgrounds, cultures, experiences, and perspectives to conduct interdisciplinary systems science, and comparative and cost-effectiveness to advance health equity and facilitate evidence-based practice in underserved populations. 3. Enhance the knowledge and skills of predoctoral and postdoctoral nurse trainees in the integration of theories and methods relevant to systems science, and comparative and cost-effectiveness to advance health equity and facilitate evidence-based practice in underserved populations. 4. Evaluate the training program inputs, outputs, and outcomes on an ongoing and annual basis and refine the program as needed. The need for...