CORE D – Neuroimaging Core Functional MRI (fMRI) and advanced multivariate analysis techniques are essential methods for achieving the aims of this Conte Center proposal. The overarching aim of Core D (Neuroimaging Core) is to support, optimize and harmonize neuroimaging data collection across the Princeton and Rutgers neuroimaging sites in order to maximize data quality and to assist with the implementation of advanced imaging analyses to facilitate hypothesis testing for Projects 1-3. Each of these projects employ fMRI data collection in conjunction with computational modelling of behavioral tasks (supported by Core C) to determine the neural substrates of latent cause inference and their relation to key features of mental health. The Core's specific aims are as follows: Aim 1) Optimize and harmonize MRI sequences and data acquisition across sites, including optimization of multiband multiecho sequences to improve data quality in key brain regions involved in latent cause inference that normally suffer from signal dropout; Aim 2) Implement optimized data preprocessing pipelines with an emphasis on using reproducible, standardized methods; Aim 3) Implement advanced data analysis methods to meet the aims of Projects 1-3, including multivariate predictive modeling, representational similarity analyses, advanced functional connectivity analyses, and real- time fMRI analysis for neurofeedback; Aim 4) Provide education to Center members regarding MRI methodologies including advanced analytic techniques; and Aim 5) Share neuroimaging data and processing pipelines in keeping with the Center's open science objectives. Core D will utilize the state-of-the-art research dedicated neuroimaging facilities housed in the Princeton University Scully Center for the Neuroscience of Mind and Behavior and in the Rutgers University Center for Advanced Human Brain Imaging Research (CAHBIR). Harmonization across the two sites will be aided by the use of the same scanners (3T Siemens Prisma scanners) and the already existing sharing of quality control and technical expertise across the two neuroimaging facilities. Analysis and educational aims are facilitated by the expertise of the Core Leads, who have led development of pipelines for individualized functional connectivity analysis and software packages such as the BrainIAK toolkit that provides the basis for multivoxel pattern analysis and representational similarity analyses that will be used in Projects 1-3. Existing data management and high-performance computing infrastructure across the two sites provide the basis for archiving and analysis of the Center's data. In coordination with Core A, a strong framework for communication with Project and Core Leads will ensure that the scanning and analytic needs of Center Projects are met in order to fulfill the goals of the Center.