Modified Project Summary/Abstract Section: Chronic psychosocial stress is a public health problem and known predictor of severe mental health symptoms. While there is a strong link between chronic psychosocial stress and adverse mental health, little is known about the transdiagnostic mechanisms that explain how persistent psychosocial stress exposure can lead to psychological symptoms and what interventions may target these mechanisms among Black Americans in particular. Our scientific premise is that chronic psychosocial stress can lead to disproportionately allocating one’s attention to threatening stimuli (i.e., threat-related attention), a known predictor of stress-related symptoms, and that this threat-related attentional tendency can be modified by a brief, mindfulness intervention. We also posit that identity-based factors are key individual differences that can shape the degree to which psychosocial stress influences attentional processes and the degree to which a mindfulness intervention mitigates threat-related attention. We will recruit 200 Black adults from the community who have experienced chronic psychosocial stress to complete a lab study to target three specific aims, which are to: 1) Use eye-tracking methods to examine if chronic psychosocial stress (vs. non-psychosocial stress) leads to a greater threat-related attention, 2) Test if a brief mindfulness meditation (vs. neutral audio) reduces threat-related attention, and 3) Investigate if individual factors influence a) the effect of the psychosocial stress manipulation on attentional processes and b) the efficacy of the mindfulness manipulation on threat-related attention. In addition, this project has a strong undergraduate training component designed to stimulate undergraduate students’ interest in research and provide both hands-on experiences and comprehensive mentorship needed for a successful research career. Overall, this project fills gaps in the literature by investigating how chronic psychosocial stress exposure affects threat-related attentional processes, whether such processes can be changed via a mindfulness intervention, and for whom such an intervention is most efficacious. We do so using a novel manipulation of chronic psychosocial stress, identification of an objective psychological mechanism, reliable and precise assessment of attentional processes using eye-tracking methods, and experimental manipulation of mindfulness, thus, addressing current limitations in this research area. Findings from this project will advance research on understanding and overcoming the psychological consequences of chronic psychosocial stress exposure. Developing nuanced understandings of how psychosocial stress affects mental health and how it can be treated are vital steps in eliminating adverse mental health outcomes.