# Combinatorial approach to restore breathing after spinal cord injury

> **NIH NIH R21** · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · 2024 · $222,109

## Abstract

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT
 More than half of human spinal cord injury (SCI) cases occur at the cervical level, resulting in permanent
respiratory deficits for which there is no treatment. Injury-induced axon growth of spared respiratory pathways is
a form of endogenous neural plasticity that can be harnessed to improve breathing. However, experimental
strategies to promote respiratory axon growth are lacking, and the few existing approaches have translational
limitations. Without expanding the repertoire of molecular and/or cellular interventions to enhance axonal
plasticity of the respiratory network following injury, developing treatment to restore breathing will be unlikely.
The objectives of this proposal are: first, to determine if endogenous astrocytes can be reprogrammed to
enhance structural plasticity of the respiratory system to improve breathing after SCI; and second, based on
evidence that coupling axon growth-promoting strategy with rehabilitative training can further augment functional
recovery, assess combinatorial effects of astrocyte reprogramming and respiratory training on recovery of
breathing after SCI. The central hypothesis is that post-injury targeting of astrocytes, combined with respiratory
training, will synergistically improve breathing after SCI. This hypothesis will be tested by pursuing two aims: 1)
determine the effects of pre-injury astrocyte manipulation alone, or in combination with respiratory training, on
structural and functional plasticity of the respiratory system; and 2) assess post-injury and location-specific
effects of astrocyte manipulation alone, or in combination with respiratory training, on respiratory plasticity. The
rationale for this proposal is that it will inform on the therapeutic potential of reprogramming endogenous
astrocytes to promote axonal plasticity of the respiratory system, which may be further harnessed by
rehabilitative training to maximize recovery of breathing after SCI.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10878278
- **Project number:** 1R21NS137256-01
- **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
- **Principal Investigator:** Warren Joseph Alilain
- **Activity code:** R21 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $222,109
- **Award type:** 1
- **Project period:** 2024-03-19 → 2026-02-28

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10878278

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10878278, Combinatorial approach to restore breathing after spinal cord injury (1R21NS137256-01). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-25 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10878278. Licensed CC0.

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