Project Summary The goal of this T32 program is to produce outstanding biomedical scientists who expand the envelope of our knowledge of the mechanisms, manifestations, prevention, and cures of lung disease. The program combines intensive training in a single area of investigation within a multidisciplinary academic environment. The training is available at both the pre- and postdoctoral levels, supporting 2 predoctoral and 14 postdoctoral trainees per year. A PhD program may be completed in 5 years. At the postdoctoral level, qualified MD, PhD or MD/PhD candidates complete 2 or more years of training. A wide range of training opportunities are provided by a large interactive network of faculty supported by individual, collaborative and inter-institutional research grants. These opportunities include lung-related research in behavioral science, cellular and molecular biology, environmental exposures, clinical trials, epidemiology, global health, immunology and infection, airway biology, sleep biology and vascular biology and cellular metabolism. The core of the experience is the close relationship between a primary mentor, co-mentors and the trainee and integration between bench researchers and physician scientists. This is supplemented by individual development plans, formal course work, core conferences, training in responsible research conduct, communication skills, career planning, and grant writing workshops. Postdoctoral trainees in the clinical sciences can acquire a Masters or Doctoral degree. Trainees and mentors are reviewed by committees that monitor the training and career development of students and fellows and promotes mentoring skills. Doctoral students are additionally reviewed by a thesis committee that provides both support and guidance. Over the last 20 years, for predoctoral graduates, 95% placed into research-intensive or research- related positions in academia, government or industry, with 95% retention. For postdoctoral graduates, 80% of graduates received 3 or more years of research training supported by this T32 and 93 individual fellowship awards. 94% of graduates placed into full-time academic or research positions in government after graduation, supported by 107 mentored early career awards (K-series and foundation awards). 87% of graduates remain in academic or research-intensive or research-related positions in industry/government.