7. Project Summary/Abstract We request a 2nd renewal for our 5-year Yale Drug use, Addiction and HIV prevention Research Scholars (Yale-DAHRS) program which has been providing intensive research training and career development for physician scientists (scholars) focusing on research in medical settings since 2013 with high impact results. The Yale-DAHRS program has successfully recruited 10 diverse scholars (7 women and 2 URiM) representing multiple physician disciplines, including Emergency Medicine, General Internal Medicine/HIV/Hepatology/Pulmonary, Pediatrics/Adolescent Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, covering the patient life span in a wide range of medical settings and populations. Patients with pre-addiction and substance use disorders often receive medical care for a complex array of acute consequences and complications of substance use and chronic conditions in medical settings such as emergency departments and primary care and specialty clinics. The Yale-DAHRS program provides a comprehensive three-year post- doctorate, interdisciplinary Mentored Career Development Program that incorporates a robust didactic research curriculum leading to a Masters in Health Science degree, mentored research and training in topics related to Addiction Medicine to: [Aim 1] Develop physician scientists with the knowledge and skills to become independent investigators, generating novel findings to improve drug use and addiction outcomes through prevention and treatment in medical settings. [Aim 2] Develop future leaders by providing scholars with skills to ensure success in leading multidisciplinary teams in studying prevention & treatment of drug use and addiction and their implementation and integration into medical settings; and [Aim 3] Enhance the diversity of drug use and addiction researchers, and robustly address health equity in all stages of addiction research. Addressing the representation of women and URiM faculty in the physician scientist workforce will enhance the diversity of investigators and research topics, broaden perspectives in setting research priorities, increase trial participation, and expand knowledge. Our program has demonstrated success capitalizing on the synergies of established training and clinical programs at Yale and our community partners, and the experiences offered by our seasoned, diverse group of interdisciplinary core faculty, mentors and advisory committee. Our graduates are all on faculty research tracks, and recognized leaders in their respective fields. Seven are boarded in Addiction Medicine. They have published and disseminated their research findings widely, and are all federally funded. This renewal will continue support for 2 current scholars and will also support 3 new scholars. The proposed renewal benefits from iterative changes to Yale-DAHRS over time including the addition of formal leadership training/coaching and new approaches to addressing diversity, equity and inclusion in research to ident...