Description This application requests support for the 50th annual meeting of the ORS Musculoskeletal Biology Workshop, which had been held at Sun Valley, Idaho, for the past 20+ years. In 2022 the Workshop moved to the Utah Rockies, just outside Salt Lake City. The 2023 workshop will be held in Midland, Utah at the Zermatt Resort, from July 21-25, 2023. The Workshop was moved to the new location in response to feedback from attendees over the past several years, who expressed a desire to have the meeting at a venue that was less expensive and easier to get to. We have achieved both of those improvements with the new location. The conference itself will maintain the same spirit it has enjoyed for several decades: it emphasizes active participation of junior faculty and students; promotes interdisciplinary communication; and is unusual in that discussion time equals or exceeds time allotted for formal presentation. The goals of the Workshop are to (1) work toward a multidisciplinary basic and clinical synthesis of molecular, tissue and biomechanical processes in musculoskeletal tissues that help us to understand the pathogenesis of bone, muscle, and cartilage disease as well as its prevention and treatment; (2) apply basic science concepts to clinical problems; develop a dialogue between basic and clinical investigators that leads to interdisciplinary collaboration; (3) identify significant problems in musculoskeletal disease, and identify experimental approaches that provide solutions to them and (4) provide a forum for student training and the opportunity in a small group setting for junior scientists to talk with more senior scientists. A partnership between the Workshop and the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) provides maximum visibility through broadcast emails and links on the ORS website. This year we continue our newly instituted focus on problem solving, with the theme for the Workshop being “Musculoskeletal cells: identity, targeting, stimulation, and manipulation for therapeutic gain.” Six sessions address relevant and significant current problems, including current challenges with rare skeletal disease, recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the biology of osteoarthritis, progress in bone-targeting molecular tools for delivery of therapeutics, new insights into osteoclast origin and fate, advances in skeletal stem cells, and the intersection of mechanobiology and imaging. A notable feature of this Workshop is that it is becoming a truly musculoskeletal workshop, considering problems of musculoskeletal conditions beyond bone, though the major focus remains bone. Opportunities are provided for junior investigators to interact with more senior investigators. Two Career Development sessions specifically geared toward young investigators will be conducted. Ten ASBMR/Frost Young Investigator Awardees will present their work from the podium. Ten or more Jee Young Investigator Awards will also be distributed to increase young investigat...