Studies of the immune system over the last hundred+ years have demonstrated its critical importance to defense against pathogens and toxins; its role in asthma, allergy and autoimmunity; and more recently how it can be harnessed in the treatment of cancer. The routine appearance of viral, bacterial, and parasitic outbreaks all point to the need for the development of new or better immune-based vaccines and a need for better understanding of how the immune system controls or contributes to disease. Likewise, recent work in Immunology has increased our understanding of how the microbiome can contribute to or regulate autoimmune as well as infectious disease, how immunoparalysis alters long-term outcomes after sepsis and other diseases, and how manipulation of immune checkpoints can boost the immune response. Collectively these and other immune based studies have had a major impact on human health and led to the discovery of new therapies and vaccines. Thus, in order to continue recent advancements, discover new therapies, prepare for future pathogen outbreaks, and educate both medical professionals as well as the public, there is a distinct need to continue to train the next generation of immunologists. The overall goal of the University of Iowa Predoctoral Training Program in Immunology is to educate, train, and produce a new generation of excellent young immunologists, well-prepared to advance the science of immunology and their own independent careers in academic, educational, and industrial settings. This is a competitive renewal application for years 26-30 of a training program supporting students pursuing doctoral studies in basic and translational immunology at The University of Iowa. Thirty-one training faculty members provide intensive laboratory research training and effective, relevant classroom instruction leading to the Ph.D. or the combined M.D. Ph.D. degree in Immunology. The diversity of faculty research expertise within the discipline of immunology is a strength of the training opportunities provided, and is complemented by a network of frequent and successful collaborations in funding, publication, and student training. We continue to revise and optimize our Program to best meet the needs of trainee scientific careers and the diverse scientific workforce of the future. This program fills a critical need to support our continuing efforts in training predoctoral students from diverse backgrounds for independent careers as immunologists.