Candidate and training: Dr. Sklerov, MD MS, is a movement disorders trained neurologist who has been involved in patient-oriented research throughout her training and early career. Dr. Sklerov holds a tenure track position of Assistant Professor of Neurology at the University of North Carolina, where she is pursuing her research and clinical interests in non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dr. Sklerov’s long-term career goal is to become a leading independent clinical researcher in developing novel treatments for neuropsychiatric symptoms of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The training plan, created in conjunction with her mentors and advisors, will allow the applicant to achieve her goals: 1) To obtain training in the use of electroencephalography (EEG) in brain stimulation research, 2) To gain experience in the use and applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), 3) To expand her knowledge and experience in clinical trial design, and 4) To develop grantsmanship and professional development skills for supporting an independent research career. Her mentorship team includes Drs. Flavio Frohlich, Ph.D, and Dr. David Rubinow, MD. Research: Apathy, or lack of enthusiasm or concern for things that were previously interesting, is a common and debilitating motivational disturbance in neurologic and psychiatric diseases. Apathy is linked to higher levels of cognitive impairment, depression, care partner stress levels, and more severe psychiatric and neurologic disease, and is often refractory to treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a form non-invasive brain stimulation, is effective in treating depression when targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) but has had limited study in apathy. Disruption in medial brain structures, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), is a common finding in motivational disorders, regardless of underlying disease. Medial brain structures are preferentially affected in Parkinson’s disease (PD) on pathologic examination, while other brain regions, such as the DLPFC, are spared. The overarching goal of the proposed research is to develop apathy TMS targets. Aim 1 will investigate change in performance of an incentivized motivational task (a measure of apathy) in response to TMS targeting the mPFC. Aim 2 will investigate the use of electroencephalography (EEG) as a surrogate measure of target engagement. Developing a brain stimulation target for apathy has the potential to improve quality of life and disease course for millions of Americans struggling with psychiatric and neurologic illness. Completing the research and training proposed here will allow the applicant to obtain the preliminary data and expertise necessary to build her innovative research program and apply for R01 level funding. We expect that this research will improve our understanding of refractory apathy, and promote development of a widely-available and safe therap...