Informatics Approaches to Understand and Reduce Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescribing by Dentists Project Summary Although antibiotics (ABx) have saved many lives, their inappropriate use contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Overprescribing ABx can also lead to allergic reactions and adverse events (AEs) such as Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI). Antibiotic stewardship reduces negative health effects of ABx use, thus preserving its future utility and is supported by the American Dental Association (ADA). Antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures should be reserved for patients at high risk of post-treatment complications. Despite these recommendations, inappropriate ABx prescribing for prophylaxis before dental procedures is common, with 70-80% of prophylactic ABx prescribed outside guidelines Our group has conducted relevant pivotal work and have found that dentistry lags in fostering the uptake of research-informed treatments. We have found that initiatives to improve evidence-based dental practice are often developed and implemented without a deep understanding of the problem, including reasons why dentists deviate from established prescribing guidelines. Our long-term goal is to build a sustainable national dental Learning Health System (LHS) focused on continuous quality improvement that facilitates providing patients with high quality, affordable, evidence-based oral healthcare. To do this, we first need to establish a practice-level LHS supported by an effective informatics infrastructure, relevant data governance and a culture of learning that drives evidence-based dental practice. In this project, we seek to quantify and understand guideline discordant antibiotic prescribing, and to iteratively develop improvement strategies to appropriately target prescribing to the right patients with the right ABx at the right time. Through a deep understanding of why antibiotics are so frequently prescribed outside of the guidelines, we expect to engage the dental team and patients to develop feasible interventions. We will conduct the research at two large group practices: HealthPartners (HP) and Willamette Dental Group (WDG) which together have over 900,000 patient visits per year. Our project team comprises of experts in dental informatics, pharmacology, healthcare quality and safety, and human factors. In Aim 1, we develop and validate an EHR-based algorithm/quality measure to determine concordance with current evidence-based antibiotic prescribing guidelines. In Aim 2, we identify and understand factors associated with guideline concordant/discordant prescribing of antibiotics through patient and provider interviews, and targeted clinic observations. In Aim 3, using a participatory human-centered design process, we design improvement strategies to increase concordance with evidence-based ABx guidelines. The outcomes of our research will arm the dental field with both the knowledge and know-how to measure and reduce inappropri...