PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The Hershey Conference on Developmental Brain Injury was started in 1997 and has grown to a high-quality program that attracts international attendees that include physician-scientists, basic scientists, and trainees. The conference is held every other year, and the site alternates between international and US locations. Sessions include invited speakers who are luminaries in the field, as well as sessions in which more junior investigators share their work. This conference offers an amazing opportunity for trainees and young investigators to meet and interact with senior investigators in the field in a relaxed environment. The scientific presentations are always outstanding. The 2024 14th Hershey Conference organized by Drs. Henrik Hagberg and Carina Mallard (together with an international scientific committee) will be held in Marstrand close to Gothenburg on the Swedish west coast, at the Marstrands Havshotel. We are applying to NIH for support primarily to fund attendance for junior investigators and trainees from the US. The overall goal of the proposed meeting is to bring together an international group of scientists whose focus is on neonatal brain injury and repair. This year's overarching theme will be: Perinatal Brain Injury including mechanisms, experimental models, neuroprotection, biomarkers/machine learning and long-term outcome. This three-day meeting will include the following sessions: Long-term outcome and retinopathy of prematurity; Experimental models of perinatal brain injury; Neuroprotection; Mechanisms of brain injury; biomarkers and machine learning. The meeting has four objectives: 1) To identify clinical paradigms that inform basic science concepts and translate those new basic concepts into more refined clinical application 2) To explore areas of gaps in our current knowledge, and to include experts in tangential fields to provide new perspectives on these gaps 3) To promote novel collaborations 4) To promote trainee and junior faculty participation and to identify trainees/junior faculty from racial/ethnic minorities and underrepresented institutions to attend this conference and develop new collaborations. In summary, the objective of this R13 is to provide the necessary continued support for trainees and junior faculty from US to attend the 14th Hershey Conference on Developmental Brain Injury in Europe. Extensive participation of trainees, both from US and abroad, has been a hallmark of the Hershey Conference. Trainees, both MD and PhD, constitute 30-40% of all participants. This meeting provides an excellent opportunity for informal interaction between trainees and the leaders in the field as well as a mechanism for post-doctoral and visiting scientist recruitment. Past meetings have been an inspiration for young researchers to pursue the field of developmental neuroscience.