# The Inflammatory Index as a Biomarker for Pain in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

> **NIH NIH R33** · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · 2024 · $569,267

## Abstract

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
The overall goal of this proposed research is to develop a biomarker that prognosticates and correlates with
the clinical expression of pain in sickle cell disease (SCD). Severe, debilitating pain is the most common
complication of SCD, an inherited hemoglobinopathy affecting approximately 100,000 people in the United
States. Despite the known genetic defect, there is significant variability in pain expression in patients with SCD.
Clinically, some patients experience frequent and recurrent pain while others experience pain only
occasionally. Currently, there is no plasma biomarker, linked to pain biology, that can prognosticate patients
who are likely to experience more pain than other patients. The lack of a prognostic biomarker for pain is a
barrier to targeted, personalized pain treatment. SCD is associated with chronic inflammation with elevated
inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines, chemokines, lipids) at baseline that increase further during acute pain.
However, the degree of inflammation is likely highly variable among patients. Multiple factors, including
ongoing effects of recurrent vaso-occlusion, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and hemolysis contribute to SCD
inflammation and pain. This project is centered on the concept that pain in SCD is heterogeneous and driven
by a complex milieu of inflammatory effectors and immune regulators. A prognostic biomarker that
quantitatively and comprehensively assesses the combination of these immune effectors and regulators and
correlates with pain in SCD will fill a significant gap in SCD pain research. Ideally, such a biomarker could
provide prognostic data and define inclusion criteria for pain clinical trials of immunomodulatory drugs. The
following aims are proposed for the R61 Phase: 1) Derive the inflammatory index (I.l.com) for pain in patients
with SCD by identifying inflammatory and immune regulatory gene probe sets that will optimally distinguish
healthy controls, patients with SCD in baseline health, and patients with SCD in acute pain and 2) Determine
whether co-expressed gene modules from patients with SCD correlate with clinical pain data and are
concordant with genes included in the I.I.com. Subsequently, the following aims are proposed for the R33
Phase: 1) Determine the reliable and clinically meaningful changes of the I.I.com in patients with SCD and 2)
Investigate the preliminary clinical validity of the I.I.com as a prognostic biomarker for pain in patients with SCD.
Our collaborative and multidisciplinary team brings research expertise in SCD pain biology, inflammation, and
SCD patient-reported outcomes. Our proposed work will refine, replicate and validate the I.I.com as a prognostic
biomarker for SCD pain.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10905990
- **Project number:** 5R33NS114954-03
- **Recipient organization:** MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN
- **Principal Investigator:** Amanda M Brandow
- **Activity code:** R33 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $569,267
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2019-09-26 → 2026-07-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10905990

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10905990, The Inflammatory Index as a Biomarker for Pain in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease (5R33NS114954-03). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-25 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10905990. Licensed CC0.

---

*[NIH grants dataset](/datasets/nih-grants) · CC0 1.0*