ABSTRACT The Clinical Scholars Biomedical Research Training Program (CSTP) at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) provides a mentored laboratory training experience in cancer research for outstanding MD and MD/PhD residents/fellows who are emerging clinician-scientists. The CSTP is unique among training programs at MSK since it prepares clinically active investigators, from a range of research disciplines, to pursue research across the translational research spectrum. The goal of the program is to prepare highly qualified physician- scientists for an independent research career at the interface of cancer biology and clinical research. The Clinical Scholars in CSTP are trained by principal investigators with an exceptionally broad range of scientific interests spanning most areas of modern cancer research. Out of 42 preceptors, 27 (67%) are physician- scientists who excel at laboratory research, clinical research, and academic clinical practice and represent strong role models for young investigators pursusing careers in oncology research. The CSTP consists of a structured and cohesive two-year curriculum that combines laboratory research, didactic course work in cancer biology, bioinformatics and computational training, and career development workshops. Trainees have access to all resources of MSK, an instituion where basic, translational, and clinical research activites take place in close proximity in a highly collaborative research environment. The research areas of principal emphasis include: 1) human cancer biology, mouse models of cancer, genetics, epigenetics and molecular pathology; 2) drug development and mechanism-based therapeutics; 3) signaling pathways involved in control of cell proliferation; 4) regulatory pathways involved in developmental biology and cell differentiation; 5) cell-cell interactions, adhesion and protein targeting; 6) tumor immunology, immunotherapy and transplantation biology. The CSTP has had a long and successful training history with nearly all of its graduates continuing in highly productive biomedical research careers. Thus, the CSTP has had signficant impact in meeting the national need for physician-scientists who can play leading roles in translating basic discoveries in cancer biology into clinical practice.