# Metabolic effects of cooper in renal cancer

> **NIH NIH R01** · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · 2024 · $512,622

## Abstract

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a frequent and malignant renal cancer with a glycolytic phenotype due
to the loss of VHL tumor suppressor and activation of HIF transcription factors. Up to 50% of patients relapse
within five years after surgical resection. Thus, there is an urgent clinical need to understand the molecular
mechanisms leading to ccRCC relapse and advancement. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying ccRCC
progression represent a key knowledge gap. Our recent discoveries demonstrate a copper accumulation in
advanced ccRCC. In this proposal, we interrogate impact for copper-dependent metabolic reprogramming in
driving ccRCC progression. Copper (Cu) is a metal cofactor of enzymes, including cytochrome c oxidase
complex (CuCOX) essential for mitochondrial respiration, and a metalloallosteric regulator of cell proliferation
and survival. Using patients’ primary ccRCCs, we found accumulation of Cu and increased CuCOX strongly
correlated with advanced ccRCC and relapse. In cell line xenograft models, functional evidence shows that
dietary Cu drives growth of tumors and stimulates formation of CuCOX in cancer cells. We discovered that Cu
enhances electron transfer chain (ETC) activity with important functional consequences. High Cu induces (i)
assembly of the respiratory supercomplex (RSC) associated with regulatory subunit, COX7A2L, and (ii)
accumulation and remodeling of cardiolipins (CLs), phospholipids of the inner mitochondrial membrane
necessary for ETC activity. Surprisingly, despite glycolytic phenotype, Cu-reprogrammed cells recover
mitochondrial respiration, become hyperdependent on glucose and on the activity of CuCOX, and therefore are
highly sensitive to CuCOX inhibitors, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Importantly, we discovered that the
endocytic process of macropinocytosis is responsible for major proportion of Cu uptake by renal cancer cells.
Small molecules that function as donors of H2S are in preclinical trials, while inhibitors of MP are developed for
pharmacotherapies, prompting investigation of these pathways as targets for therapeutic interventions. We
propose that chronic accumulation of Cu in RCC cells promotes glucose oxidation via TCA cycle and ETC activity
causing glucose auxotrophy and stimulating bioenergy and biosynthesis required for tumor growth. To determine
the source of Cu, we will investigate macropinocytosis as little understood but major mechanism of Cu uptake
and its role in allocation of Cu to CuCOX (Aim 1). To understand Cu-dependent regulation of ETC activity, we
will investigate mechanisms of RSC formation, cardiolipin synthesis and the flux of glucose carbon (Aim 2).
Finally, because Cu-reprogramming creates new functional vulnerability to CuCOX inhibitors, we will investigate
effects of H2S in cell death and tumor formation (Aim 3). We will use several model systems, including RCC
cells, ex-vivo tumor fragments and patient derived tumor grafts. The study will identify basic mechanisms by
...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10932291
- **Project number:** 5R01CA287260-02
- **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
- **Principal Investigator:** Maria F Czyzyk-Krzeska
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $512,622
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2023-09-20 → 2028-08-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10932291

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10932291, Metabolic effects of cooper in renal cancer (5R01CA287260-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-25 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10932291. Licensed CC0.

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