# Biological embedding of dimensional adversity: Developmental pathways toward psychopathology

> **NIH NIH P20** · FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME · 2024 · $242,204

## Abstract

Early life adversity is a pervasive impediment to healthy brain development and mental health in the long term. 
Exposure to early life adversity is distressingly common, with nearly two-thirds of people experiencing at least 
one significant adversity event before the age of 18. Despite decades of research documenting the long-term 
physical and mental toll these early experiences have on individuals, there continues to be a lack of specificity 
in how subtypes or dimensions of child adversity propagate particular patterns of neurodevelopment and mental 
health aberrations. In recent years, dimensional approaches have led to field-shaping discoveries whereby shared 
features of adversity (e.g., threat, deprivation, unpredictability) can be used to make meaningful, domain-specific 
predictions about developmental outcomes. A next step in this line of inquiry is to use a dimensional adversity 
approach to probe the biological sequalae that initiate and propel adversity-related neurodevelopmental 
cascades. Pubertal development, specifically, has been highlighted as a candidate biological process that is both 
sensitive to early adversity and occurs in a uniquely plastic developmental window. Puberty induces a major 
influx of pubertal hormones that instigate dramatic changes in structural and functional neural development, as 
well as stark physical and psychosocial changes. Even in otherwise healthy developmental contexts, 
adolescents are at remarkably increased risk for a wide range of psychopathology. To date, early adversity has 
been shown to facilitate adaptations that accelerate or preserve resources related to survival, including shifted 
or altered pubertal development. However, how specific dimensions of adversity modulate pubertal development, 
particularly with respect to sex hormones (e.g., testosterone, estradiol), continues to be weakly characterized. 
Even less is known about links between early adversity, puberty, and neurodevelopment, although initial insights 
have indicated the possible mechanistic role puberty plays in propagating neuro-phenotypes that increase risk 
for psychiatric symptoms. Our novel preliminary results have highlighted specific effects of adversity subtypes 
(e.g., threat exposure) as well as pubertal hormones on brain function and structure, which in some cases 
amplified risk for psychopathology in adolescents. In the current study, we will integrate these processes into an 
overall framework by leveraging a high-risk sample of youth with highly heterogenous adversity experiences, 
enrolled from the Boys Town Youth Care program, to investigate how distinct dimensions of adversity affect 
puberty and neurodevelopment. To do so, we will use state-of-the-art adversity, neuroimaging, and pubertal 
measures, including gonadal and adrenarcheal hair hormone assays (Aim 1). The proposed study will be 
designed to test how adversity affects the pubertal transition and will provide fundamental insights into the 
n...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10933386
- **Project number:** 5P20GM144641-03
- **Recipient organization:** FATHER FLANAGAN'S BOYS' HOME
- **Principal Investigator:** Giorgia Picci
- **Activity code:** P20 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $242,204
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2022-03-01 → 2027-01-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10933386

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10933386, Biological embedding of dimensional adversity: Developmental pathways toward psychopathology (5P20GM144641-03). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-24 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10933386. Licensed CC0.

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