Project Summary Due to high rates of obesity, Latine children are more likely to have type 2 diabetes (T2D) than other racial/ethnic groups. If current trends continue, it is estimated that 50% of Latine children and adolescents will develop T2D in their lifetime. This is critical since the impact of early onset of T2D is extensive involving premature morbidity, high healthcare costs and significant loss of productivity. Hence, interventions that effectively reduce obesity risk and T2D among fastest growing group of Latine children are urgently needed. Excess weight gain during infancy is associated with childhood obesity. Exclusive breastfeeding (directly or expressed) for the first six months is associated with lower risk for excess weight gain and insulin insensitivity during infancy. In our longitudinal sub-study with low-income, Latine mother-infant dyads, mixed feeding (combination of breastfeeding and formula feeding) was more common than exclusive breastfeeding. It was also found that obesity risk among infants increased with an increase in formula feeding. Utilizing Social Cognitive Theory, our goal is to measure the effectiveness of a multi-component randomized control trial - Solo Mi Leche (SMile) – involving: I) Provision of conditional incentives of cash or combination of cash and electric breast pump to enroll in WIC’s Exclusive Breastfeeding Package; and, II) Support of home visiting, culturally and linguistically competent breastfeeding peer-counselors to increase breastfeeding support, knowledge, skills and ultimately self-efficacy. The intervention spanning from birth to six months postpartum will involve 120 Latine mothers eligible or enrolled in WIC program (60 each in intervention & control). Specific aims are to test the effectiveness of SMile intervention in: 1) improving self-efficacy and exclusivity of breastfeeding for the first six months, and; 2) reducing rapid weight gain and obesity risk among Latine infants. We will also carry out a process evaluation to understand strengths of the intervention and opportunities to improve its implementation, feasibility, fidelity, and impact. The proposed pilot trial (Small R01s, PAS-23-086) will allow us to acquire preliminary data through six months of age to develop an effective, fully powered, culturally appropriate intervention promoting breastfeeding throughout infancy, to address obesity, T2D and related disparities Latine population is facing.