Summary The supplement proposed will expand the capabilities of the parent grant by leveraging the ideas already laid out in the parent grant and moving in a new direction, that of determining how macrophages respond to compound treatment to kill bacteria. The tools we will use are well in hand for our collaborator, Dr. Shen, and the supplement would bring Dr. Shen onto the grant as a co-investigator and a co-mentor for Dr. Asamoto. Thus, the supplement project will take Dr. Asamoto and the parent grant in new, exciting directions.