# Developing and testing a measure of sociocultural norms related to interpregnancy intervals in African immigrants in the US.

> **NIH NIH R15** · ARCADIA UNIVERSITY · 2024 · $385,936

## Abstract

PROJECT SUMMARY
Despite the existence of guidelines from the World Health Organization and the American College of
Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommending an optimal interpregnancy interval (IPI) of at least 18 to 24
months, nearly one-third of non-first births in the US are conceived within 18 months of the end of a preceding
pregnancy. Short IPI is a significant problem due to the associated adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, most
of which are concentrated in vulnerable populations, including immigrants. Specifically, African immigrants have
1.5 to 3 times higher risk of IPI of less than six months compared to US-born Black and US-born white people,
respectively. Despite the rapid growth in African immigration to the US in recent years, the population is
underrepresented in reproductive health research and programs. Hence, the risk factors for short IPI are not well
understood. Studies in sub-Saharan Africa suggest that social and cultural norms about reproductive health and
abortion, infant mortality, and social support influence fertility and contraceptive behaviors and practices.
However, it is unknown if these norms and practices persist through after immigration and integration, and
whether they play a role in short IPIs in the African immigrant population. The purpose of this R15 proposal is to
use an exploratory sequential mixed methods design to understand the social and cultural norms and
demographic factors related to short IPI in African immigrants living in the US. The specific aims are: 1) to
describe, using qualitative methods, social and cultural norms about optimal birth spacing, including how cultural
beliefs and practices related to fertility and family planning, intimate relationship factors, and stigma shape these
norms among African immigrant women and men; and 2) to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties
of a culturally-sensitive measure of underlying sociocultural constructs related to birth spacing and IPI, using
quantitative methods. We propose to conduct in-depth interviews with women aged 18-49 years and men aged
18-60 years, born in Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, or Sierra Leone, living in Greater Philadelphia, home to one of the
most distinct African immigrant communities in the US. A quantitative measure will be developed from a)
qualitative findings from in-depth interviews and b) a scoping review of existing sociocultural norms measures
with relevance to IPI that may be modified. This measure will be refined and validated with a sample of African-
born women of reproductive age. The research team for this project has a strong background and relevant
experience in conducting community-engaged research in reproductive health, interpregnancy intervals,
contraceptive use, immigrant research in development and humanitarian contexts, and measurement
development and validation. The long-term goals of this study are to 1) develop culturally acceptable and
clinically relevant interventions to optimize IPI in A...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 10974448
- **Project number:** 1R15HD116088-01
- **Recipient organization:** ARCADIA UNIVERSITY
- **Principal Investigator:** Comfort Z. Olorunsaiye
- **Activity code:** R15 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $385,936
- **Award type:** 1
- **Project period:** 2024-09-20 → 2027-08-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10974448

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 10974448, Developing and testing a measure of sociocultural norms related to interpregnancy intervals in African immigrants in the US. (1R15HD116088-01). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-24 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/10974448. Licensed CC0.

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