The proposed study employs a randomized, controlled design to assess the immediate and long-term effects of task-specific balance training for reducing environmental falls in at-risk community-dwelling older adults. >33% of older adults fall at least once each year, leading to serious injuries (e.g., hip fractures, head injuries) and comorbidities (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and related Dementias). Most falls occur due to environmental disturbances which cause a loss of balance while walking (i.e., slips, trips). Overground perturbation training (repeated exposure to unpredicted perturbations) improves both volitional/anticipatory and reactive balance control and reduces real-life falls among older adults. However, overground perturbation training is not suitable for routine clinical application due to its complex design, space, and technology requirements. An alternative method for delivering perturbation training is commercial treadmill systems, which not only can enhance fall- resisting skills but are more feasible for community-translation. However, the equipment is costly and the translational effectiveness of treadmill perturbation training for reducing falls in community ambulatory older adults is lesser than overground training, probably as it mainly only entrains reactive balance control. Falls may also occur due to deficits in volitional balance control which affect gait stability during daily living. Training paradigms focused on improving volitional balance control have primarily comprised of conventional balance exercises delivered as a part of physical rehabilitation; however, conventional balance exercises generally do not translate to improvements in reactive balance control when exposed to an unpredicted external perturbation and have limited effects on reducing real-life falls. A fall prevention intervention that targets both volitional and reactive balance domains could more effectively reduce falls than existing paradigms which only train a single domain (e.g., treadmill perturbation training: reactive-dominant, or conventional balance: volitional- dominant). We have developed a novel task-specific balance program that includes both functional tasks and predictable perturbations specific to slips and trips and requires little set-up and equipment, making it a cost- effective, feasible and accessible fall prevention intervention. We will compare the effects of 8 weeks (16 sessions) of task-specific balance training with established fall prevention paradigms including treadmill perturbation training and conventional balance training. We will examine the immediate effects of task-specific balance training on reactive balance (Aim 1) and volitional balance (Aim 2). Additionally, we will evaluate the longer-term retention (18 months) of task-specific balance training and effects on real-life falls and falls efficacy (Aim 3). In an exploratory aim, will also examine the neuromuscular adaptations induced through training using simulat...