PROJECT SUMMARY This diversity supplement will build on the SOL Air ancillary study to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), and provide research and training experience to a qualified early career trainee. The funded study, SOL Air, focuses on the relationship between exposure to traffic-related air pollutants (PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides, (NOx), and ozone (O3)) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), using a fine-scale spatiotemporal model to predict long-term exposure levels at participant’s residential addresses. Longitudinal health data is collected by the HCHS/SOL. The diversity supplement will allow for additional investigation into how the relationship between air pollution and T2D is modify by diet. Utilization of the HCHS/SOL cohort allows us to investigate relationships between and within various Hispanic/Latino heritage group. Longitudinal health data and 24-hour dietary recall questionnaires have been collected in all SOL study participants. The prevalence of T2D is increasing, especially among younger adults and Latinos. Risk of T2D has been linked to lifestyle factors such as an individual’s diet and activity levels. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has also been linked to increased risk of incident T2D. Previous research on ambient air pollution has mainly focused on particulate matter (PM2.5) and there is a high level of heterogeneity between studies. Additionally, little prior research has focused specifically on the US Hispanic/Latino population. We will examine the interaction between an individual’s diet, measured by the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010), and long-term ambient air pollution exposure to determine if those following a certain diet have a different risk of developing T2D using Poisson regression models. Further analysis will include the heritage and acculturation of participants as diet may be impacted by participant’s heritage and how long they have lived in the US. Our findings will contribute to the research on the interplay of diet, air pollution, heritage, and T2D risk in an underrepresented research population.