Project Summary / Abstract – Administrative Supplement Request The purpose of this K23 administrative supplement is to support the return to full productivity of Erin Paquette, MD, JD, MBE following 6 months of leave for recovery from serious illness. Dr. Paquette’s long-term goal is to become an independent physician-investigator testing interventions in the field of enrollment of children at risk for health disparities in research. The parent K23 award has supported her training, mentorship, and research experience towards her ability to compete for R21 and R01 grants supporting intervention studies in this area. The pediatric literature has not produced consensus regarding under/over enrollment of diverse groups in research and there is inadequate understanding as to why disparities may exist. The goal of this proposal is to characterize research participation by children at risk for health disparities (CRHDs) in pediatric emergency and critical care research and to determine the degree to which modifiable and potentially modifiable factors relate to participation. The central hypothesis—that CRHDs are underrepresented (losing research benefit) and overrepresented (risking exploitation) in others and that modifiable factors are the primary drivers of differential study enrollment—will be evaluated in a mixed-methods study with 3 interrelated but distinct aims: Aim 1: To prospectively characterize enrollment by CRHDs in pediatric ECC research and to identify factors associated with enrollment and retention. Aim 2: To elucidate qualitative insights into modifiable and non-modifiable factors impacting enrollment/retention in pediatric ECC research. Aim 3: To determine which factors are most associated with successful enrollment of CRHDs. To date, Dr. Paquette has completed the enrollment and analysis of Aim 1 and completed parent interviews for Aim 2. The proposed administrative supplement will support qualitative methods team members with expertise in subject interviews, qualitative analysis, data management to perform interviews of study staff members for completion of Aim 2 and development of the parent survey for Aim 3. The supplement will also allow for qualitative and quantitative analyses necessary to complete Aim 2 and Aim 3. The Aim 2 and 3 data will provide important information for development of a recruitment/retention toolkit to be supported through an anticipated R21 mechanism and a subsequent R01 to evaluate this intervention in a multisite trial. These funds for qualitative and quantitative methods experts will enable Dr. Paquette to focus on those tasks necessary to maintain scientific productivity, such as completing data analyses, writing scientific manuscripts, disseminating findings to scientific audiences, and drafting an R21 application.