# Validation of Closed-Loop Prefrontal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a Non-Human Primate Model

> **NIH NIH R01** · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · 2024 · $802,948

## Abstract

Abstract
This project aims to advance transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) technologies for psychiatric disorders.
TMS outcomes vary among participants, likely due to a lack of adaptation to individual brain states. We thus
propose a closed-loop approach where real-time electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings of brain
oscillations can inform the timing of TMS at the prefrontal cortex. However, closed-loop TMS applications are
currently not implemented in clinical practice due to a lack of validated methods for targeting prefrontal brain
oscillations and identifying markers of TMS target engagement. Invasive electrophysiological recordings in
nonhuman primates (NHPs) offer a high signal-to-noise ratio and improved localization of brain responses.
Simultaneous scalp EEG recordings will inform translational efforts in humans. We aim to identify markers of
TMS engagement in the prefrontal cortex from invasive electrophysiological recordings in NHPs and
differentiate direct neural responses from indirect stimulation effects. We will further characterize the effects of
closed-loop TMS on invasive electrophysiological responses and determine optimal stimulation parameters. By
delivering TMS at different phases and power states, we will measure TMS evoked potentials (TEPs) to
identify the most effective stimulation parameters for prefrontal closed-loop TMS. Finally, we will evaluate the
effects of closed-loop theta burst stimulation (TBS) on neural plasticity. By tracking prefrontal theta rhythms in
real-time, we will deliver TMS pulse bursts at specific phases to enhance the effectiveness of TBS protocols.
We will assess induced neural plasticity through the measurement of TEPs and local functional connectivity.
Successful completion of this research could lead to the development of improved closed-loop TMS protocols
for the prefrontal cortex, with direct implications for the treatment of psychiatric disorders in humans.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 11049279
- **Project number:** 1R01MH136053-01A1
- **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
- **Principal Investigator:** Arnaud Y Falchier
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2024
- **Award amount:** $802,948
- **Award type:** 1
- **Project period:** 2024-09-26 → 2029-06-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/11049279

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 11049279, Validation of Closed-Loop Prefrontal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in a Non-Human Primate Model (1R01MH136053-01A1). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-07-08 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/11049279. Licensed CC0.

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