Provision of quality nonhuman primates (NHP) for biomedical research is critical to achieving the NIH mandate to translate basic discovery work to clinical practice. These breeding colonies were originally established to ensure the NHP Transplantation Tolerance Cooperative Study Group funded investigators have access to the high quality, specific-pathogen-free (SPF), and Major-Histocompatibility typed Indian-origin rhesus and Mauritian cynomolgus macaques necessary for rigorous study design and completion of their study aims. Successful expansion increased total offspring produced by both colonies. As these animal mature, they will offset the ongoing need for research animals for NIAID-funded research. The COVID-19 pandemic and cessation of imports from China have exacerbated pre-existing shortfalls in available NHPs, highlighting the importance of these colonies as a reliable, domestic source of high-quality NHPs for translational research. this contract will support responsible maintenance and limited expansion of these SPF colonies, including regular health monitoring, breeding and enrichment programs, as well as administrative activities that ensure timely provision of research animals to investigators.