SUPPLEMENT PROJECT SUMMARY Approximately 80% of people who use tobacco live in low- and middle-income countries. In South Africa, an upper-middle-income country, tobacco smoking prevalence among adults was 26% in 2021. South Africa is also home to the world’s largest HIV epidemic. As improved access to antiretroviral therapy has decreased deaths from advanced HIV disease, tobacco-related diseases account for an increasing proportion of deaths among people with HIV. Clinical and public health strategies to decrease tobacco use are urgently needed in South Africa and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa, where tobacco use is rising. We conducted a telephonic survey about tobacco use among a subset of participants in the Vukuzazi program, a large community-based cohort study in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, investigating the intersection of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Recognizing an obligation to address tobacco dependence, we developed and provided a brief telephonic tobacco cessation counseling intervention for people who reported actively using tobacco. Additionally, we inquired about participants’ tobacco use before, during, and after South Africa’s 2020 tobacco sales ban. In this supplement project, we will analyze these data to evaluate the impact of telephonic tobacco cessation counseling (clinical intervention) and the tobacco sales ban (public health intervention) on tobacco use among people with and without HIV in rural South Africa. The results of this project will provide valuable information to public health officials, clinicians, HIV care programs, and policymakers about targeted approaches to decrease tobacco use.