Modified Project Summary/Abstract Section Physician-scientists bring a unique perspective to biomedical research, informing clinically inspired basic science questions (bedside-to-bench), translating fundamental research back to the clinic (bench-to-bedside), and guiding implementation science on behalf of public health (translation to the community). On the other hand, there are numerous challenges contributing to the declining number of physician-scientists, including individual (financial debt, length of time for training, balance of clinical productivity and protected time for increasingly competitive funding), institutional, and national factors. Robust research programs during residency can catalyze the development of physician-scientists poised to ask fundamental questions informed by clinical insights which will be crucial for advancing discovery in NIAID mission-critical immune mediated diseases in the coming decades. The University of Rochester (UR) has a long history of support for trainees along the physician-scientist continuum, with a medical scientist training program in its 50th year, Physician Scientist Training Program (PSTP) in Internal Medicine (IM), and well-established research tracks in the participating residency programs (Medicine, Pediatric, Med-Peds, and Dermatology). The primary goal of this multidisciplinary ROChester Stimulating Access to Research during Residency (ROC StARR) Health and Immune Function Across the Lifespan R38 is to train the next-generation of physician-scientists to lead the development, implementation, and evaluation of new clinical modalities to diagnose, treat and prevent autoimmune, allergic, inflammatory, and infectious diseases across the age spectrum from infants to older children to adults to the aging population via the following Aims: 1) recruit an exceptional, talented pool of Medicine, Pediatric, and Dermatology Residents and provide them with high quality, rigorous training in 3 defined pillars of translat