We will determine the utility of a novel brain mapping technique for epilepsy presurgical evaluation, referred to as 'six-dimensional (6D) dynamic tractography'. This innovative program animates the rapid neural propagations along MRI-defined, 3D white matter tracts that connect regions supporting cognitive functions. Specifically, it will use event-related high gamma activity to localize the regions supporting specific linguistic functions and compute the velocity and strength of neural propagations based on the latency and amplitude of early neural responses to single-pulse electrical stimulation. We expect that considering both the negative effect of damaged white matter tracts and the positive effect of seizure control will help optimize the model's performance in predicting postoperative language outcomes; this will be accomplished by incorporating the 6D dynamic tractography and objective epilepsy biomarkers, including spontaneous high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) coupled to slow-waves, into our predictive model. By also identifying and considering the physiological high gamma augmentation strictly time-locked to stimuli and behaviors, our innovative intracranial EEG analysis will better distinguish the randomly- occurring pathologic HFOs. Another significant advancement provided by our model is its independence of conventional electrical stimulation mapping, which can acutely elicit seizures and fail to satisfactorily localize language areas in certain patient subsets. Additionally, this project will use 6D dynamic tractography to provide an explicit neurobiological model of language network dynamics, allowing us to tease apart the specific pathways originating from temporal lobe cortices that support the lexical retrieval of auditory or visual domains. Our prior project indicated that the arcuate fasciculus fibers support the direct transfer of lexical representations of auditory sentences. We will now determine whether the lexical representations of visual